山东自考论文范文：齿轮箱结构的减重优化设计

摘要

本文以某船用中心传动齿轮箱为研究对象，分析了齿轮箱结构优化设计中的具体问题，其中包括优化分析方法的选择，优化分析的过程，优化数学模型的建立，优化分析的求解方法等。用MSC.Patran软件建立中心传动齿轮箱有限元静力学模型，并对箱体结构进行静力分析，根据分析结果，为了使齿轮箱结构更为合理，以箱体壁厚作为变量，齿轮箱的总质量作为目标函数，再以齿轮箱结构的应力和位移作为约束条件，使用MSC.Nastran对箱体壁厚进行优化设计，使得齿轮箱壁厚在约束条件下得到最优解。

结果表明，优化分析的效果明显，除去下箱体没有参加分析外，齿轮箱的总质量从优化前的8.5726吨下降到4.5467吨，质量下降了46.9%。大大减轻了整个结构的质量，取得了良好的经济效益。

关键词：齿轮箱;结构分析;有限元法;优化设计

Abstract

In this paper, a center drive gearbox for ship is investigated here as a study object. Introduces the optimization analysis of the gearbox, which including the method selecting, the process of analysis, the creating of the mathematical model, and something like that. It is established a center drive gearbox finite element for static mechanical model by MSC.Patran software. And the structure is analyzed by MSC.Patran software. Based on an analysis of results, in order to make the structure more reasonable, the Thickness of gearbox is selected as a variable, and the total mass is selected as an objected function, the strength and the stiffness are selected as constrains. Using of MSC.Nastran to optimize the thickness of the box. The thickness of the box can be the optimal solution under the conditions.

Results show that, the optimization effect is appreciable. Except for the under box, the total mass of the gearbox has greatly decreased from 18422kg to 11608kg, the descending rate reach 37%. This will greatly reduce the mass of the whole structure and produce good economic benefits.

keywords：gearbox; structure analysis; finite element method; optimization design

目 录

第一章　　前言 ....................................................................1

第一节　概述 ......................................................................1

第二节　国内外的现状 ..............................................................1

第三节　优化分析的意义和主要方法 ..................................................1

第四节　目的和方法 ................................................................2

第二章　　有限元法理论与应用软件的简单介绍 ........................................3

第一节　有限元理论 ................................................................3

一、有限元优点 ....................................................................3

二、有限元分析步骤 ................................................................3

第二节　MSC.Patran/Nastran 软件介绍 ...............................................6

一、MSC.Patran主要特点及其使用流程 ................................................6

二、MSC.Nastran的主要特点和基本分析功能 ...........................................8

第三章　　齿轮箱结构优化设计的相关问题 ...........................................11

第一节　结构优化分析设计 .........................................................11

第二节　齿轮箱结构优化分析方法的选择 .............................................12

第三节　齿轮箱结构优化分析问题的研究 .............................................13

第四节　齿轮箱结构优化分析数学模型的建立 .........................................14

第四章　　齿轮箱结构的静力分析 ...................................................16

第一节　模型的建立 ...............................................................16

第二节　静力分析应力、变形响应 ...................................................23

第五章　　结构优化分析 ...........................................................24

第一节　优化分析 .................................................................24

第二节　优化后静力分析的应力、变形响应 ...........................................28

第三节　对优化后结果分析 .........................................................29

结束语 ...........................................................................30

致　谢 ...........................................................................31

参考文献 .........................................................................32